Mercury retrograde 2059: dates

What is Mercury retrograde?

Mercury is the fastest planet and the one closest to the Sun, completing an orbit in about 88 days. From Earth, though, what matters is its synodic cycle: the roughly 116 days it takes to line up with the Sun and Earth in the same way again. Each synodic cycle contains one retrograde, which is why Mercury turns retrograde three times in most years and occasionally four. Altogether Mercury spends close to a fifth of the year moving backward.

The retrograde is tied to Mercury's position relative to the Sun. In the weeks before it, Mercury is an evening object, visible low in the west after sunset near its greatest distance from the Sun. It then slows, stations, and slides back toward the Sun. Roughly halfway through the retrograde it passes between Earth and the Sun at the inferior conjunction and disappears in the glare. By the time it turns direct it has re-emerged in the morning sky before sunrise. Many astrologers treat that inferior conjunction as the heart of the retrograde: the moment an old Mercury cycle closes and a new one begins.

How the dates on this page are calculated

The site follows Mercury's apparent geocentric longitude in the tropical zodiac and its daily speed. The retrograde station is the instant that speed drops below zero, the direct station the instant it climbs back above zero. Both are found by scanning the year and then refining each crossing by bisection to under a second, and each is shown with the sign and degree where it happens.

The shadow is measured in degrees, not fixed days. The pre-shadow starts when Mercury first reaches the degree of its future direct station; the post-shadow ends when it gets back to the degree of the retrograde station. Since Mercury's backward arc is typically around a dozen degrees or a little more, each shadow tends to last about two weeks. Times are computed in UTC and shown in the time zone you select, so check the zone before marking a date in your diary.

How to read the pattern through the year

Because one synodic cycle is about 116 days and the Sun moves roughly 114 degrees in that time, consecutive Mercury retrogrades land about four signs apart. That puts them in signs of the same element: a run of retrogrades in fire signs, for example, or in water signs. The fit is not exact, so the series slowly drifts backward through the zodiac, and every year or so the retrogrades start shifting into the previous element, often with one retrograde straddling two signs during the changeover.

This gives the year a theme. Astrologers read a run of earth-sign retrogrades as a review of practical matters such as work routines, money and the body, while a water-sign series is read as a review of emotional ties and old memories. On this page, compare the signs of the retrogrades listed for 2059, then open the related sign meanings to see which areas of life each one touches. The live status ring shows whether Mercury is currently retrograde, in its shadow or direct, with a countdown to the next turning point.